This paper investigates the pre-modern urban development of Medina during the Ottoman reign within the framework of the Ottoman administration of the Arab provinces. Specifically. the spatial organization of Medina is investigated based on multiple visual. cadastral and historical sources. https://safeersappliancers.shop/product-category/bosch-serie-4-dwk095g60b-90-cm-angled-chimney-cooker-hood-black-c-rated/